BMW M3
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| BMW M3
<tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Imagen:BMW M3 convertible.jpg</td></tr><tr><th style="background-color: #eeeeee; whitespace: nowrap">Fabricante</th><td>BMW</td></tr><tr><th style="background-color: #eeeeee; whitespace: nowrap">Período</th><td>1986-Presente</td></tr><tr><th style="background-color: #eeeeee; whitespace: nowrap">Carrocerías</th><td>Coupé 2 Puertas |
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El BMW M3 es la versión deportiva del BMW Serie 3, producido por el fabricante de automóviles alemán BMW.
El primer M3 fue basado en el serie E30 que se comercializó en el año 1986, y desde entonces cada Serie 3 tuvo su versión M. A finales del 2007 se lanzará el M3 E92, con una potencia estimada en 420CV. Desde el E30 BMW ha ido aumentando caballos y cilindros desde los cuatro en línea hasta el E92 que es un V8.
Tabla de contenidos |
[editar] E30 M3
Basado en el E30 en 1986 de la Serie 3, el primer M3 fue introducido con un motor S14 2.3 L, derivado del block s38 inline-6 y la arquitectura del arbol de levas y tapa de cilindros del BMWs M1 y despues M6 6-cilindros-en-linea. Una de las principales razones para la construccion del auto de calle fue para homologar el M3 para el Group A Touring Car racing, como una respuesta al modelo "2.3-16V" de Mercedes-Benz W201 el cual fue introducido en 1983. Una notable caracteristica del E30 M3 es su pedigree de carrera, hecho campaña por BMW como también por otros equipos de carrera incluido Prodrive and Schnitzer Motorsport.
La primer version producia 195 hp (143 kW) (modelo catalizado). Los modelos Evolution(no vendidos en Norte America) continuaron con 2.3 litros pero adoptaron timing de levas revisados, compresion incrementada junto con la falta de catalizador produciendo aproximadamente 215 hp. Mas adelante el modelo Sport Evolution incremento el desplazamiento del motor a 2.5 L y producia 238 hp (175 kW). 786 cabriolets fueron también producidos, todo a mano en la planta de BMW de Garching, al tiempo que el ejemplo 215 hp fue el covertible de cuatro asiento s mas rapido del mundo.
El E30 M3 difirio del resto de los E30 line-up en muchas formas. El M3 fue equipado con un "stiffer" revisado y una carroceria mas aerodinamica asi como también "box flared" guardabarros para acomodarse a una trocha mas ancha con ruedas mas anchas y mas altas. Los unicos paneles de carroceria que compartian el modelo standard y el M3 shared fueron el capó y el techo. Este a su ves tenia tres veces el angulo de caster de cualquier otro E30. El M3 compartio rulemanes de rueda mas grandes y calipers del freno delantero con el E28 5-Series.
Para mantener el auto competitivo en carrera siguiendo las reglas de homologacion, detalles especiales para la homologacion fueron producidos. Las reglas de homologacion enunciaban aproximadamente que la version de carrera deberia reflejar al auto de calle, su aerodinamica y cilindrada del motor; por consiguiente, se lanzaron al publico periodicamente modelos mejorados. Ediciones especiales y especiales para la homologacion incluyen: el Evo 1, Evo 2 y Evolucion deportiva algunos de los cuales presentaban menor peso, aerodinamica mejorada, arcos de guardabarros delanteros mas altos (Evolucion deportiva; para posteriormente facilitar las ruedas con llantas de 18 pulgadas en DTM), conductos de freno, y mayor potencia.
La produccion del original E30 M3 (E30 coupe) finalizo en 1991.
Teniendo ganadas mas carreras de calle que cualquier otro modelo en la historia, el E30 M3 es considerado por muchos por ser el auto mas famoso del mundo de carrera de calle. Gana incluido el Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft, European Touring Car Championship y aun el titulo one-off World Touring Car Championship en 1987. El E30 M3 es también multiple campeon de Guia Race, 24 Horas de Nürburgring y Spa 24 Hours.
En 2004, Sports Car International nombro este automovil numero seis en la lista de Top Sports Cars of the 1980s.
[editar] Performance
- (2.3l-16v I4) - 143 kW/195 PS 0-100 km/h - 6.9 s. Vel. Max.: 143 mph (230 km/h)
- (2.5l-16v I4) - 175 kW/238 PS 0-100 km/h - 6.5 s. Vel. Max.: 154 mph (248 km/h)
[editar] Figuras de Produccion
| Coupe y Sedan | Convertible | |
|---|---|---|
| BMW M3 Euro model (143 kW/147 kW) | 8661 | |
| BMW M3 US model | 4996 | |
| BMW M3 Evo 1 (147 kW) | 505 | |
| BMW M3 Europa modelo posterior (158 kW) | 1519 | |
| BMW M3 Evo 2 (162 kW) | 500 | |
| BMW M3 Convertible (143 kW/158 kW) | 786 | |
| BMW M3 Sport Evolution (175 kW) | 600 | |
| BMW M3 Europameister (143 kW) completamente firmado por Roberto Ravaglia | 148 | |
| BMW M3 Cecotto (158 kW) 25 como edicion especial Ravaglia | 505 | |
| BMW M3 Cecotto Switzerland (throttled to 155 kW) | 50 of above mentioned 505 | |
| Total | Alrededor de 18000 | |
[editar] Victorias Significantes en Carrera de Autos
- Campeonatos
- World Touring Car Championship; 1 titulo
- Campeon: 1987
- European Touring Car Championship; 2 titulos
- Campeon: 1987 y 1988
- British Touring Car Championship; 2 titulos
- Campeon: 1988 y 1991
- Italia Superturismo Championship; 4 titulos
- Campeon: 1987, 1989, 1990 y 1991
- Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft; 2 titulos
- Campeon: 1987 y 1989
- Australian Touring Car Championship; 1 titulo
- Campeon: 1987
- Carreras
- Guia Race; 5 victorias
- Ganador: 1987, 1988, 1991, 1992 y 1993
- 24 Hours Nürburgring; 4 victorias
- Ganador: 1989, 1990, 1991 y 1992
- Spa 24 Hours; 4 victorias
- Ganador: 1987, 1988, 1990 and 1992
[editar] E36 M3
El reemplazo del original M3 aparecio por primera vez en 1992 en el Paris Auto Show. Este modelo E36 coupe obtuvo el motor 3.0 L S50B30 6 en linea, el cual produce 286 hp (210 kW).
Para el modelo del año 1996 el M3 fue mejorado al nuevo motor 3.2 L, 321 hp (236 kW) (S50B32), una caja de seis velocidades y los frenos mas grandes del M5. La nueva caja de cambios SMG fue también ofrecida como un opcional. Estos modelos son frecuentemente descriptos como los modelos "Euro" para diferenciarlos de los modelos vendidos en Norte America, los caules fueron algo diferentes. The 3.2 Euro es también conocido como el M3 "Evolution" o "Evo".
El primer E36 M3 a ser importado a los Estados Unidos fue el modelo 1995, el cual recibio un motor 3.0 L con 240 hp (176 kW) y 305 N•m (225 ft·lbf) (S50B30US) y una suspension diferente. El razonamiento detras del motor menos poderoso fue mayormente debido a el excesivo costo proyectado en producir el motor original para el mercado de U.S. y la posible dificultad del motor europeo para pasar las leyes de U.S. mas extrictas en cuanto a la emision. Un M3 que fue vendido en los Estados Unidos en 1995 fue uno de los 2953 modelos '94 despachados desde Europa. Esta coupe tuvo el motor 3.0L 24-valvulas DOHC seis-cilindros-en-linea. Este motor produce 240bhp a 6000rpm y 225lbs-pie de torque a 4250. BMW también produjo en alguna parte entre 120 y 125 M3 de peso ligero (solo 85 fueron para los US), frecuentemente llamado el CSL (del ingles: coupe sports lightweight, coupe esport de peso ligero). Estas fueron versiones de peso reducido del modelo pretendidos a ser usados en la calle o en las pistas. este fue alrededor de 200 a 300 libras mas livianos que el M3 de serie con la mayoria de las prestaciones del automovil elimidadas, como el aire acondicionado, asientos de cuero, y el techo solar.
El modelo de los años 1996-1999 tuvo la cilindrada llevada hasta 3.2 L, con 240 hp (176 kW) y 320 N•m (236 ft·lbf) el cual es el mismo motor usado al principio en el M Roadster y M Coupe. Desde el modelo 1996+ es conocido por ser mas dificil de ajustar para el rendimiento, debido al levemente menor multiple de admision y electronica mas complicada (OBDII). También estuvo disponible como sedan a partir del modelo 1997, y como convertible en 1998. La produccion del sedan fue detenida en 1998, mientras los otros modelos continuaron hasta 1999.
[editar] Performance
| Version | Potencia | 0-100 Kph | Vel max | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.0l-24v I6 | ||||
| Euro Version | 210 kW/286 bhp | | 155 mph / 250 km/h (electronicamente limitada) | |
| U.S. Version | 177 kW/240 bhp | | 137 mph / 220 km/h (electronicamente limitada) | |
| 3.2l-24v I6 | ||||
| Euro Version | 236 kW/321 bhp | | 155 mph / 250 km/h (electronicamente limitada) | |
| U.S. Version | 177 kW/240 bhp | | 145 mph / 225 km/h (electronicamente limitada) | |
[editar] Modelos Especiales
Hubo cinco modelos especialES del E36 M3 producidos: el M3 Euro-Spec (Edicion Canadiense), M3 CSL (M3 LTW), M3 GT, M3 GT-R, y el M3-R. También hubo una edicion aniversario en Australia. Solo 50 coupes fueron producidas. También, "BMW Individuales" fueron también posibilitados de ser diseañados por el cliente, un M3 con cuero especificamente coloreado, detalles en madera y otras opciones personalizadas incluido llantas de aleacion de aluminio pulidas para la edicion aniversario.
[editar] M3 Euro-Spec (Edicion Canadiense)
En 1994 acuerdos existentes entre Canada y algunos otros paises de Europa los cuales permitieron a cualquier automovil autorizado en cualquiera de los paises participantes a ser vendidos legalmente en cualquiera de los otros.[cita requerida] Aunque BMW descubrió la siguiente generacion E36 M3 en Europa en 1992, la compañia sintio que la version de producción necesitaria precios mucho mas altos para exportar a Norte America que lo que el mercado permitiria. Mientras los ingenieros trabajaron en un modelo mas barato para la verison Norte Americana del E36 M3, BMW Canada se aferro a la ventana de la oportunidad: 45 unidades con especificacion Europe M3 coupes fueron especialmente producidas e importadas a Canada.
Aun con un precio base de $59,900 (una suma substancial para el momento desde la lista del equipamieto estandard no incluia llantas forjadas de peso alivianado, aire acondicionado, techo solar o aun pintura metalica). A diferencia de otras versiones especiales del E36 M3, los compradores fueron libres de elegir cualquier color y opciones que ellos quisieron en sus automoviles, limitados solo por sus billeteras. Todos los automoviles vinieron equipados con el motor de 286 bhp, 3.0L y 6 cilindros en linea, frenos ventilados con disco flotante, faros delanteros de vidrio y otros equipamientos estandard Europeos. Ellos fueron inicialmente entrgados en Toronto, entonces embarcados a lo largo del pais a los distribuidores donde ellos fueron ordenados.
Canada no veria otro E36 M3 a la venta hasta dos años mas tarde, cuando BMW finalmente hizo las versiones Americanas del 1997 M3 disponibles para la venta.
- El gobierno Canadiense Impuso Cambios
- Luz de niebla trasera removida
- Luces de circulacion de dia encendidas
- Tercera luz de freno
- Disposicion de la placa de licencia modificada
- Programa individual BMW
Distinto de los automoviles vendidos en los Estados Unidos (con algunas conocidas excepciones), los compradores Canadienses tuvieron acceso completo al programa BMW Individual, dandoles a ellos muchas combinaciones de color de pintura e interior personalizados y otras opciones para la personalizacion de sus vehiculos.
Este progama no estuvo disponible en los Estados Unidos debido a las leyes especiales que garantizan a los compradores el derecho de cancelar las ordenes especiales sin ningun tipo de penalidad [cita requerida] - una situacion que BMW no permitiria.
- Numero Construido
45 vehiculos Euro-Spec Edición Canadiense fueron fabricados, cada uno teniendo una numeracion grabada en una placa en el compartimento de guantes y en la caja personalizada de cuero que contenia el manual de usuario. Solo M3-R Australiano fue construido en un numero de pocas unidades.
[editar] M3 CSL (E36)
Comenzando con el primer E36 M3 entregado, los corredores de BMW comenzaron a presionar a BMW por una version lista para carrera con la cual competir contra el Porsche 911 en carreras deportivas de automoviles.
En 1995, BMW cedio y comenzo construyendo lotes de los M3 CSL como BMW Individual. Luego de completados fueron enviados al Prototype Technology Group (PTG) Racing en Virginia para la preparación final.
- CSL vs. Lightweight Naming Controversy
There is a minor controversy in which some people believe the M3 CSL should not be called an M3 CSL (referring to the famous 3.0 CSL), but rather an M3 Lightweight, as that was the name that BMW advertised the car as.
While it is true that BMW's press referred to the car as the M3 Lightweight, each M3 CSL's build sheet (the instructions from BMW AG to BMW Individual) clearly labelled the car as an M3 CSL, so there can be no doubt that the factory itself thought of the car as a CSL. In addition, the additional manual that came with the "M3 Lightweight" identified it as the CSL.
This controversy can perhaps be attributed to the fact that the English translation of CSL is Coupé Sports Lightweight.
- Number Built
Although BMW promised to build at least 85 examples, BMW never released the number of M3 CSL's built, and because of the peculiar assembly line, to this day may not be known. However, enthusiasts now believe the number of models extant are approximately 120.<ref>http://www.bmwworld.com/models/m3_ltw.htm</ref>
The first two cars, which were used as press cars, are not technically M3 CSL's as they were regular production M3's that PTG made similar in appearance to the not-yet-built CSL. After press duties, those two cars were brought back into the PTG stable.
- Hand-picked Engines
BMW and other German car makers test each engine on the assembly line to ensure that they meet the claimed power rating. It is claimed that the most powerful motors of each batch were hand-picked and reserved for the M3 CSL. However, at least one M3 CSL owner disassembled his motor and compared it to a stock U.S. S50 engine and found no differences. Nonetheless, some who drove both stock M3's and M3 CSL's remarked how much more powerful the M3 CSL motor was. [cita requerida]
- Racing History
In an ironic twist, the car that BMW built to race was hardly raced.
Outside of multiple cars raced in the BMW CCA Club Racing series (an amateur series specific only to BMW models) PTG had between two to four models that they raced in IMSA. It seems that one of those cars was sold to Jeff McMillian, in which he won the SCCA World Challenge series, without winning a single race. One was raced in the SCCA's Touring 1 class by John Browne, and one or two may have been raced in the extinct Motorola Cup.
Most M3 CSLs, it seems, never saw a racetrack.
[editar] M3 GT
The M3 GT Coupe was a limited-edition mainland Europe only edition of which 356 were made, 50 further M3 GT Individuals were made in right-hand drive for the UK market. All built in 1995.
Famous for being British Racing Green with a Mexico Green interior - a peculiar choice when the traditional German national racing colors were white with red numbers.
The BMW M3 GT was a homologation series special built to allow the E36 M3 to compete in the FIA-GT class II, IMSA GT and international longdistance races.
[editar] M3 GT2 / M3 Evo Individual
The M3 Evo Individual was a limited-edition (200 units for Europe with part VIN WBACB5103-AN307--, 50 for the United Kingdom) car sometimes referred to as the M3 GT2. The engine and performance characteristics of the car were unchanged, and a special exterior and interior colour combination was once again chosed by BMW; imola red (405) paint with nappa leather & Amaretto seats in imola red and anthracite seats.
[editar] M3 GTR DTM
Very little is known about this car: it is believed that BMW intended to race the E36 M3 in the DTM racing series. When mid 1990s pre-season testing showed the car to be quicker than existing competition, Mercedes-Benz purportedly influenced the DTM sanctioning body to either slow the M3 GTR or make it illegal for DTM. Wide-body E36 GTR cars were entered in the German ADAC "GT Cup" series.
[editar] M3-R
Fifteen M3's were ordered by BMW Australia in 1994 to race in the Australian Super Production series. All were delivered to Frank Gardner Racing for final preparation.
[editar] Accolades
The E36 M3 is considered one of the better-handling cars of all time, and was in fact named "Best-Handling Car Ever" by Car and Driver in 1997.
[editar] E46 M3
The 2001 E46 M3 appeared worldwide with the new 3.2 L S54B32 engine. At the time of the car's introduction, this engine had the highest specific output naturally aspirated engine ever made by BMW, producing 343 PS (333 SAE net hp (252 kW) in North America) and 365 N•m (262 ft·lbf) of torque. The first batch of E46 M3s delivered were Laguna Seca Blue. The available SMG Drivelogic (also known as SMG II) transmission, a Formula 1-style electrohydraulic manual gearbox with no clutch pedal and steering wheel-mounted paddle shifters, is also a highlight. The model also came with a new 6-speed transmission and red-line RPM of 8000, a first for any BMW. The engine also consisted of 6 independent throttle bodies and electronically driven throttles (without a cable).
The M3's S54 naturally aspirated engine produces more than 100 horsepower per litre (340 bhp/3.2 litre), a notable feat.
[editar] Performance
- (3.2l-24v I6) - 343 PS (US model = 333 HP / 252 kW) 0-60 MPH - 4.8 seconds, 1/4 Mile - 13.1@105 MPH (U.S. model Car and Driver, March 2003) Top Speed: 155 MPH (249 km/h, electronically limited) 189 MPH(304 km/h, delimited)
[editar] Special Models
There were two special-edition models of the E46 M3 produced: the M3 CSL and the M3 GTR V8.
[editar] M3 GTR
An E46 GTR came to life on February 2001, powered by a 4000 cm³ V8 producing 444 bhp. Unlike the straight-six powered M3 versions, which were outpaced by the Porsche 996 GT3, the racing version of the E46 M3 GTR 16 was very successful in the American Le Mans Series (ALMS), entered by Schnitzer Motorsport. Rivals such as Porsche pointed out that this car was more of a prototype as no V8 engine was available in the road-going BMW E46, which is in violation of the spirit of Gran Turismo. In 2001, ALMS regulations stated that cars must be for sale on two continents within twelve months of the rules being issued. To fulfill this rule, BMW put 10 road going GTRs on sale after the 2001 season, for 250,000 euros (then $218,000) each, allegedly only available for select customers. However, only two have been known to exist; one in an Arabic Museum, the other in BMW's own garages.
Due to this, the ALMS rules were altered for 2002 to state that 100 cars and 1000 engines must be built for the car to qualify without penalties. Although BMW could have raced the V8 with the new weight and power penalties under these new regulations, they chose to pull out of the ALMS, effectively ending the shortlived M3 GTR's career.
Two Schnitzer Motorsport GTR cars saw a comeback in 2003 at the 24 Hours Nürburgring, winning 1-2 in 2004 and 2005, as well as entries in the 24 Hours Spa. Onboard coverage recorded in 2004 Hans-Joachim Stuck, Pedro Lamy, Jörg Müller & Dirk Müller on the Nürburgring and Spa-Francorchamps.
A GTR was one of the theme cars in the 2005 video game Need For Speed: Most Wanted and returned on the new installment Need For Speed: Carbon. The racing version of the car (as seen at the 24 Hours Spa in 2004) features in the 2006 game GTR - FIA GT Racing Game 2. Both the street and racing M3 GTR's are available in the 2004 Playstation 2 game Gran Turismo 4, Forza Motorsport for the Xbox and Forza Motorsport 2 for the Xbox 360.
Private teams (Scheid, Getrag, etc.) also have fit 4000cc BMW V8 engines into the E46 body to race on the Nürburgring, winning some VLN races in the last years.
[editar] M3 CSL (E46)
Of the limited-run models of the M3, the M3 CSL (E46) is the most celebrated. BMW made a limited run (less than 1,400 units) of these machines between June and December of 2003. The CSL (Coupe Sport, Lightweight) received an aggressive weight reduction campaign, more power (up to 360 hp), and sharper handling characteristics than the standard M3, courtesy of semi-slick racing tires. From the exterior, the CSL is distinguished from its standard sibling with a different wheel design, larger integrated rear spoiler and a large air intake hole on the left side of the front bumper. Weight loss was achieved via a carbon-fiber roof, a trunk floor that was practically made of cardboard, no air conditioning, no radio, and the removal of several other features available in a regular M3 as standard. Thse options could then be re-added at the request of the owner. Upgraded racing seats were fitted, and the aforementioned sequential manual gearbox was made standard. Owing to the small production run and the complications of clearing DOT and EPA standards for the North American market, BMW never exported the CSL to the United States, although some parts from it (modified steering rack, alcantara steering wheel, uprated front brakes, a different DSC system and 19" BBS wheels) were made available on the regular M3 as part of an optional Competition Package. While the CSL almost took its game to Ferrari's 360, priced twice as much, this version of the M3 is criticized as too racing-oriented and significantly pricier than the standard model. Focusing on weight loss, the CSL becomes less of an everyday car the M3 is known for, because of no aircon and sound system, among other features taken out from the regular car. The CSL is also not available in a manual gearbox, and some purists still don't find the SMG transmission any more exciting despite offering similar performance.
M3 Competition Package (US Model)(E46)
Even though the M3 CSL was never exported to the United States, in 2005, BMW introduced a M3 Competition Package, a $4,000 option which offers a number of suspension upgrades taken from M3 CSL models. The package includes:
- 19-inch BBS forged alloy wheels
- Specially tuned suspension for the Competition Package
- More direct steering ratio of 14.5:1 (from 15.4:1) allowing quicker turn-in
- M-Track Mode (similarly to the CSL model) with a button mounted on the steering wheel
- Compound cross-drilled rotors from the M3 CSL model and larger front rotor of 13.6 inches (from 12.8 inches)
- Alcantara steering wheel, gear lever and hand brake
M3 CS After the CSL's limited run, a tamer M3 has been offered in the UK, called the CS. Its added features are almost entirely the same as the US M3 Competition Package, and is available in all standard M3 colors.
[editar] E92 M3
- Imagen:Commons-logo.svg Commons alberga contenido multimedia sobre BMW M3 E92.Commons
The (concept version of the) current M3 based on the E92 3-series coupe was debuted by BMW at the 2007 Geneva Auto Show. Looking similar to the 335i E92 but with a new front air dam, quad exhaust pipes, an M6 style carbon fiber-reinforced roof and vents on the front quarter panels reminiscent of the E46 M3.<ref>Officially Official: Introducing the 2008 BMW M3 Coupé.</ref> The E92 M3 will be powered by the S65, a 4.0 L V8 engine, instead of the inline-6 engine as used in the past two generations. The engine will produce 420 hp (309 kW) at 8,300 rpm, and peak torque will be 295 lb-ft (400 Nm) at 3,900 rpm, which represents a power increase of 22% over the E46 M3.<ref>http://www.rsportscars.com/eng/articles/m3_v8.asp</ref> The new V8 weighs 33 lbs (15 kg) less then the outgoing six cylinder for a total weight of 445 lbs (202 kg). The styling follows the trend of slightly more aggressive M cars as started by the E60 M5. A six-speed manual transmission will be standard, which is a reworked version of the outgoing model's six-speed gearbox fitted with a lower 3.86:1 final drive. While an SMG transmission was initially expected to be available as an option later, BMW is said to be planning the introduction of an all-new double-clutch gearbox, titled DCT, a year after the release of the E92 M3. It is predicted to be sold in the United States starting in the middle of 2008.<ref>2009 Production BMW M3 Details Revealed.</ref>
[editar] Enlaces externos
[editar] Referencias
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